{348364444440} {9408914} kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin manyan kashi guda uku: Organic Substrates, da substrater. Babban aikin marufi shine samar da goyan bayan jiki don guntu, yana ba da damar sarrafa wutar lantarki tsakanin da'irar guntu na ciki da waje, da kuma zubar da zafi.
1. Organic substrate: {49091091} }
Ciki har da resin BT, FR4, da sauransu.
2. Rukunin firam ɗin jagora:
Ƙarfe da aka yi da ƙarfe, wanda aka fi amfani da shi a cikin marufi na gargajiya, tare da kyakkyawan aiki da ƙarfin injina.
3. yumbu substrate:
Abubuwan gama gari sun haɗa da aluminum oxide da aluminum nitride, dace da guntu mai ƙarfi.
A sabon na gaba, za mu koyi cewa waɗanne hanyoyin marufi ne aka haɗa don kowane nau'in nau'ikan nau'ikan abubuwa uku.